vscode连接docker容器虚拟环境
一、制作虚拟环境需要的容器
# -------- builder --------
FROM python:3.12.13 AS builder
WORKDIR /build
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
gcc g++ libffi-dev libssl-dev libpq-dev pkg-config default-libmysqlclient-dev \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --prefix=/install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# ------- runtime ------------
FROM your-python:3.12.13
# 运行时只需要库，不需要 -dev
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
libmysqlclient21 \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ENV PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages
COPY --from=builder /install /usr/local
COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
CMD ["python", "main.py"]使用了多次构建的方法，builder部分下载了需要的编译环境，因为python一些库是需要编译安装的。runtime部分直接调用基础镜像，将builder部分编译好的扩展包直接复制到python搜索目录中。这种多次构建的方式可以大幅减少镜像的大小。
下面是python:3.12.13镜像的Dockerfile
#
# NOTE: THIS DOCKERFILE IS GENERATED VIA "apply-templates.sh"
#
# PLEASE DO NOT EDIT IT DIRECTLY.
#
FROM debian:bookworm-slim
# 清华源 - 直接覆盖
RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
# ensure local python is preferred over distribution python
ENV PATH /usr/local/bin:$PATH
# cannot remove LANG even though https://bugs.python.org/issue19846 is fixed
# last attempted removal of LANG broke many users:
# https://github.com/docker-library/python/pull/570
ENV LANG C.UTF-8
# runtime dependencies
RUN set -eux; \
apt-get update; \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
ca-certificates \
netbase \
tzdata \
; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ENV GPG_KEY 7169605F62C751356D054A26A821E680E5FA6305
ENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.12.13
ENV PYTHON_SHA256 c08bc65a81971c1dd5783182826503369466c7e67374d1646519adf05207b684
RUN set -eux; \
\
savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
apt-get update; \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
dpkg-dev \
gcc \
gnupg \
libbluetooth-dev \
libbz2-dev \
libc6-dev \
libdb-dev \
libffi-dev \
libgdbm-dev \
liblzma-dev \
libncursesw5-dev \
libreadline-dev \
libsqlite3-dev \
libssl-dev \
make \
tk-dev \
uuid-dev \
wget \
xz-utils \
zlib1g-dev \
; \
\
wget -O python.tar.xz "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz"; \
echo "$PYTHON_SHA256 *python.tar.xz" | sha256sum -c -; \
wget -O python.tar.xz.asc "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc"; \
GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; export GNUPGHOME; \
gpg --batch --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY"; \
gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz; \
gpgconf --kill all; \
rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc; \
mkdir -p /usr/src/python; \
tar --extract --directory /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 --file python.tar.xz; \
rm python.tar.xz; \
\
cd /usr/src/python; \
gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \
./configure \
--build="$gnuArch" \
--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions \
--enable-optimizations \
--enable-option-checking=fatal \
--enable-shared \
$(test "${gnuArch%%-*}" != 'riscv64' && echo '--with-lto') \
--with-ensurepip \
; \
nproc="$(nproc)"; \
EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(dpkg-buildflags --get CFLAGS)"; \
LDFLAGS="$(dpkg-buildflags --get LDFLAGS)"; \
LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS:-} -Wl,--strip-all"; \
arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"; arch="${arch##*-}"; \
# https://docs.python.org/3.12/howto/perf_profiling.html
# https://github.com/docker-library/python/pull/1000#issuecomment-2597021615
case "$arch" in \
amd64|arm64) \
# only add "-mno-omit-leaf" on arches that support it
# https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-14.2.0/gcc/x86-Options.html#index-momit-leaf-frame-pointer-2
# https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-14.2.0/gcc/AArch64-Options.html#index-momit-leaf-frame-pointer
EXTRA_CFLAGS="${EXTRA_CFLAGS:-} -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer"; \
;; \
i386) \
# don't enable frame-pointers on 32bit x86 due to performance drop.
;; \
*) \
# other arches don't support "-mno-omit-leaf"
EXTRA_CFLAGS="${EXTRA_CFLAGS:-} -fno-omit-frame-pointer"; \
;; \
esac; \
make -j "$nproc" \
"EXTRA_CFLAGS=${EXTRA_CFLAGS:-}" \
"LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS:-}" \
; \
# https://github.com/docker-library/python/issues/784
# prevent accidental usage of a system installed libpython of the same version
rm python; \
make -j "$nproc" \
"EXTRA_CFLAGS=${EXTRA_CFLAGS:-}" \
"LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS:-} -Wl,-rpath='\$\$ORIGIN/../lib'" \
python \
; \
make install; \
\
cd /; \
rm -rf /usr/src/python; \
\
find /usr/local -depth \
\( \
\( -type d -a \( -name test -o -name tests -o -name idle_test \) \) \
-o \( -type f -a \( -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' -o -name 'libpython*.a' \) \) \
\) -exec rm -rf '{}' + \
; \
\
ldconfig; \
\
apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; \
find /usr/local -type f -executable -not \( -name '*tkinter*' \) -exec ldd '{}' ';' \
| awk '/=>/ { so = $(NF-1); if (index(so, "/usr/local/") == 1) { next }; gsub("^/(usr/)?", "", so); printf "*%s\n", so }' \
| sort -u \
| xargs -rt dpkg-query --search \
# https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/dpkg/dpkg-query.1.en.html#S (we ignore diversions and it'll be really unusual for more than one package to provide any given .so file)
| awk 'sub(":$", "", $1) { print $1 }' \
| sort -u \
| xargs -r apt-mark manual \
; \
apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
\
export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1; \
python3 --version; \
pip3 --version
# make some useful symlinks that are expected to exist ("/usr/local/bin/python" and friends)
RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
RUN set -eux; \
for src in idle3 pip3 pydoc3 python3 python3-config; do \
dst="$(echo "$src" | tr -d 3)"; \
[ -s "/usr/local/bin/$src" ]; \
[ ! -e "/usr/local/bin/$dst" ]; \
ln -svT "$src" "/usr/local/bin/$dst"; \
done
CMD ["python3"]
二、构建好镜像后，在vscode项目中添加容器配置
1、添加.devcontainer目录，在该目录下创建devcontainer.json文件
{
"name": "local-python-dev",
"image": "gantrycheck:v1",
"workspaceFolder": "/app",
"workspaceMount": "source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/app,type=bind,consistency=cached",
"customizations": {
"vscode": {
"extensions": ["ms-python.python","ms-python.debugpy","ms-python.vscode-pylance"]
}
},
"remoteEnv": {
"PYTHONPATH": "/install/lib/python3.12/site-packages"
},
"settings": {
"json.schemaDownload.enable": false
},
"mounts": [],
"runArgs": ["--init"],
"updateRemoteUserUID": false
}“image”: “gantrycheck:v1” 设置本地使用的docker镜像，这个镜像就是第一步生成的镜像。
“workspaceFolder”: “/app” 指定了容器内的工作目录
“workspaceMount”: “source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/app,type=bind,consistency=cached” 指定了容器内工作目录的本地挂载点，为了避免歧义workspaceFolder和workspaceMount设置同一个目录。consistency=cached没查什么作用，但是挡墙这个配置可以用。
PYTHONPATH用于设置安装的python扩展搜索路径
“json.schemaDownload.enable”: false 由于连接github困难，所以不下载模板。
2、vscode全局设置，按ctrl+, 调出设置面板（该面板是可以用鼠标勾选，也可以编辑json文件）
{
"workbench.colorTheme": "Dark Modern",
"git.openRepositoryInParentFolders": "never",
"diffEditor.maxComputationTime": 0,
"python.analysis.typeCheckingMode": "standard",
"workbench.editorAssociations": {
"*.copilotmd": "vscode.markdown.preview.editor",
"*.csv": "default"
},
"editor.minimap.enabled": false,
"terminal.integrated.enableMultiLinePasteWarning": "never",
"git.ignoreMissingGitWarning": true,
"dev.containers.mountWaylandSocket": false
}“dev.containers.mountWaylandSocket”: false 这里是核心，不然docker在挂载本地目录时会提示错误。
三、ctrl+shift+p调出命令，选择“Dev Containers: Reopen in Container”
这时就会自动连接到容器内部（我安装的是docker desktop）
这里有一点要注意，如果是纯内网环境，不能连接互联网的话，需要单独下载一个vscode-server（这个包vscode会安装到容器中），将该包放到日志提示错误的目录中，再次启动Reopen in Container就会跳过下载这步。