{"id":7414,"date":"2023-04-16T17:25:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-16T09:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/?p=7414"},"modified":"2023-04-16T17:25:16","modified_gmt":"2023-04-16T09:25:16","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aadjango%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8part4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/?p=7414","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2adjango\u5e94\u7528[part4]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u5355<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u66f4\u65b0part3\u4e2d\u7684detail\u6a21\u7248\uff08polls\/templates\/polls\/detail.html\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u5305\u542b\u8868\u5355<form>\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<form action=\"{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}\" method=\"post\">\n{% csrf_token %}\n<fieldset>\n    <legend><h1>{{ question.question_text }}<\/h1><\/legend>\n    {% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}<\/strong><\/p>{% endif %}\n    {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}\n        <input type=\"radio\" name=\"choice\" id=\"choice{{ forloop.counter }}\" value=\"{{ choice.id }}\">\n        <label for=\"choice{{ forloop.counter }}\">{{ choice.choice_text }}<\/label><br>\n    {% endfor %}\n<\/fieldset>\n<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Vote\">\n<\/form><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5feb\u901f\u7eb2\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u7248\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9009\u9879\u7684radio\u6309\u94ae\u3002radio\u6309\u94ae\u7684\u503c<\/strong>\u662f\u5173\u8054\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898\u7684id<\/strong>\u4e0a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aradio\u6309\u94ae\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u662f”choice\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53\u6709\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aradio\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb\u4e86\u8868\u5355\u7684\u201c\u63d0\u4ea4\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001POST\u6570\u636echoice=#<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684#<\/strong>\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u9009\u62e9\u7684ID\u3002\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7684HTML\u8868\u5355\u6982\u5ff5<\/em>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u5355\u7684action<\/strong>\u5230{% url ‘polls:vote’ question.id %}<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6emethod=”post”<\/strong>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528method=”post”<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662fmetthod=”get”<\/strong>\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981<\/mark><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4fee\u6539\u3002 \u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u53ea\u8981\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u7528method=”post”<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662fdjango\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u597d\u7684web\u5f00\u53d1\u90fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • forloop.counter\u6307\u51fafor\u6807\u7b7e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5faa\u73af\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u56e0\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662fPOST\u8868\u5355\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3CSRF\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4e07\u5e78\u7684\u662fdjango\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528{% csrf_token %}<\/strong>\u6a21\u7248\u6807\u7b7e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u5904\u7406\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fee\u6539polls\/views.py\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect\nfrom django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render\nfrom django.urls import reverse\n\nfrom .models import Choice, Question\n\n\n# ...\ndef vote(request, question_id):\n    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)\n    try:\n        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST[\"choice\"])\n    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):\n        # Redisplay the question voting form.\n        return render(\n            request,\n            \"polls\/detail.html\",\n            {\n                \"question\": question,\n                \"error_message\": \"You didn't select a choice.\",\n            },\n        )\n    else:\n        selected_choice.votes += 1\n        selected_choice.save()\n        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing\n        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a\n        # user hits the Back button.\n        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse(\"polls:results\", args=(<\/strong><\/mark>question.id,<\/mark>)<\/mark><\/strong>))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • request.POST<\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba9\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2drequest.POST[‘choice’]\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aID\uff0crequest.POST\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • request.POST[‘choice’]<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u2018choice\u2019\u4e0d\u5728POST\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aKeyError<\/strong>\u9519\u8bef\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5982\u679cchoice\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u8868\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86HttpResponseRedirect\u800c\u4e0d\u662fHttpResponse\u3002HttpResponseRedirect\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7684URL\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • reverse()<\/strong>\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6784\u5efaURL\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\u540d\uff08\u5728url.py\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570args\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u89c6\u56fe\uff08args\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u52a0\u9017\u53f7<\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\/polls\/3\/results<\/em>\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u76843\u5c31\u662fquestion.id\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \u5f53\u6709\u4eba\u70b9\u4e86\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\uff0cvote()\u89c6\u56fe\u4f1a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230results\u9875\uff0c\u91cd\u5199results\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render\r\n\r\n\r\ndef results(request, question_id):\r\n    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)\r\n    return render(request, \"polls\/results.html\", {\"question\": question})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      polls\/results.html\u6a21\u7248\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      <h1>{{ question.question_text }}<\/h1>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}\r\n    <li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}<\/li>\r\n{% endfor %}\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}\">Vote again?<\/a><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u597d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e4b\u524d\u7684detail()\u3001results()\u548cindex()\u90fd\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6839\u636eURL\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u7248\u5e76\u4f20\u56de\u6e32\u67d3\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u7248\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u80fddjango\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u89c6\u56fe\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u73b0\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u6211\u4eec\u7684poll\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      1\u3001\u8f6c\u6362URLconf\n2\u3001\u5220\u9664\u65e7\u89c6\u56fe\n3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c6\u56fe<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u4fee\u6539URLconf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      from django.urls import path<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      from . import views<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      app_name = “polls”
      urlpatterns = [
      path(“”, views.IndexView.as_view(), name=”index”),
      path(“\/”, views.DetailView.as_view(), name=”detail”),
      path(“\/results\/”, views.ResultsView.as_view(), name=”results”),
      path(“\/vote\/”, views.vote, name=”vote”),
      ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u4fee\u6539\u89c6\u56fe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
      from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
      from django.urls import reverse
      from django.views import generic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      from .models import Choice, Question<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      class IndexView(generic.ListView):
      template_name = “polls\/index.html”
      context_object_name = “latest_question_list”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      def get_queryset(self):\n    \"\"\"Return the last five published questions.\"\"\"\n    return Question.objects.order_by(\"-pub_date\")[:5]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
      model = Question
      template_name = “polls\/detail.html”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
      model = Question
      template_name = “polls\/results.html”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      def vote(request, question_id):
      \u2026 # same as above, no changes needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e0a\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u89c6\u56fe\uff1aListView<\/strong>\u548cDetailView<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n