{"id":183,"date":"2016-04-18T08:32:08","date_gmt":"2016-04-18T00:32:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/?p=183"},"modified":"2016-04-18T08:49:25","modified_gmt":"2016-04-18T00:49:25","slug":"pam%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e6%89%8b%e5%86%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/?p=183","title":{"rendered":"PAM\u7ba1\u7406\u624b\u518c"},"content":{"rendered":"

PS\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u4eceWORD\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u70b9\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u603b\u89c8<\/h2>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6388\u6743\u4e00\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1blogin<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Login\u505a\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u4e3a\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5728login<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884cshell\uff08bash, tcsh, zsh, \u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0clogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u9646\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u59d4\u6d3e\u7ed9Linux-PAM<\/em><\/strong>\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770bLinux-PAM<\/em><\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux-PAM<\/em><\/strong>\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u610f\u652f\u6301PAM\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528PAM\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5728\u4f60\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7anything\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4fe1\u4efbpam_permit\uff09\u53bb\u9a8c\u8bc1something\uff08\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e86\u8679\u819c\u626b\u63cf\u3001\u58f0\u97f3\u5339\u914d\u6216\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7ed9\u4f60\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff08\u5bb6\u957f\uff09\u5e0c\u671b\u6539\u5584\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5b69\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u80fd\u914d\u7f6e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7231\u7684\u201cShoot\u2019em up game\u201d\uff08\u652f\u6301PAM\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e12\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u597d\u5904\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff08It is clear that if the game is any good they will soon learn their multiplication tables. As they mature, the authentication can be upgraded to include(long) division!\uff09<\/p>\n

Linux-PAM<\/em><\/strong>\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a4\u4e2a\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff1a\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ba1\u7406<\/em>\uff08authentication management\uff09\u3001\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406<\/em>\uff08account management\uff09\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406<\/em>\uff08session management\uff09\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406<\/em>\uff08password management\uff09\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Linux-PAM<\/em><\/strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b26\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u800c\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u88ab\u5199\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/em>\uff08modules\uff09\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ee5\u540e\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86Linux-PAM\u603b\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"LINUX-PAM\"<\/p>\n

\u987a\u4fbf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u5e94\u7528X\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Linux-PAM<\/em><\/strong>\u5e93\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Linux-PAM\u5e93\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u4e0ePAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u534f\u5546\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e94\u7528X\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6309\u7740\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u56db\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5f53\u88abLinux-PAM\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u591a\u79cd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u5f97\uff08\u6216\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u7b97\u4f7f\u7528PAM\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48PAM\u529f\u80fd\u4ee3\u7801\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7a0b\u5e8f\u539f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u7684PAM\u529f\u80fd\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542bPAM\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528PAM\u3002<\/p>\n

4<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>Linux-PAM<\/strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301PAM\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b83\u7684\u9644\u4ef6\u9001\u5230PAM-API\u4e2d\u3002\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6267\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\/etc\/pam.conf\u6216\u8005\/etc\/pam.d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48Linux-PAM\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\/etc\/pam.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cPAM\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f5c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\/etc\/pam.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5217\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4e2d\uff08\u201d\\<LF>\u201d\uff09\u3002\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7\u4f7f\u7528\u201c#\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e00\u6574\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6807\u8bb0\uff08tokens\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u4e09\u9879\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

(service\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 type\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 control\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 module-path\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 module-arguments)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u7c7b\u578b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u63a7\u5236\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570<\/em><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7f3a\u5c11\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u662f\/etc\/pam.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

PAM\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u4e0a\u3002\uff08An important feature of PAM<\/em>, is that a number of rules may be stacked<\/em> to combine the services of a number of PAMs for a given authentication task.\uff09<\/p>\n

\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u201d<\/em>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u540d\uff0c\u50cf\uff1alogin\u6216su\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u662f\u4e3adefault\u89c4\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u201c\u670d\u52a1-\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u201d<\/em>\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u91cc\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\uff1a\uff08auth, account, password, session\uff09\uff08\u540e\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6808\u201d\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u201d<\/strong>\uff09<\/p>\n

account:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6267\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\/\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u6700\u5927\u7528\u6237\u6570\uff09\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u7528\u6237(root)\u767b\u9646\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n

auth:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u5b83\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed9\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u59d4\u4efb\u72b6\u6388\u4e88\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\uff08Secondly, the module can grant group membership or other privileges through its credential granting properties.\uff09<\/p>\n

password:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801(authentication token)\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eauth\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u7591\u95ee\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u201d\u3002\uff08Typically, there is one module for each ‘challenge\/response’ based authentication (auth) type\uff09<\/p>\n

session:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\uff08\u540e\uff09\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d89\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u6253\u5f00\uff08\u5173\u95ed\uff09\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u2018-\u2019\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5728\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f3a\u5931\u6a21\u5757\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\uff0cPAM\u5e93\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002\uff08This can be useful especially for modules which are not always installed on the system and are not required for correct authentication and authorization of the login session.\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d<\/em>\u6307\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2dPAM-API\u6a21\u5757\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u503c=\u52a8\u4f5c\u201d\u5bf9<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d<\/em>\u503c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

required:<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cPAM\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4PAM-API\u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5f53\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u7684\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u201d\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\u3002\uff08failure of such a PAM will ultimately lead to the PAM-API returning failure but only after the remaining stacked<\/em> modules (for this service<\/em> and type<\/em>) have been invoked.\uff09<\/p>\n

requisite\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u548crequired\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684PAM\u6808\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2arequired\u6216requiste\u6a21\u5757\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u8bb0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8d26\u6237\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d89\u53ca\u66b4\u9732\u4e00\u4e2a\u654f\u611f\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\uff08This possibility should be weighed against the not insignificant concerns of exposing a sensitive password in a hostile environment.\uff09<\/p>\n

sufficient:<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u5757\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u4e14\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709required\u6a21\u5757\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48PAM\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u7ed3\u679c\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u7236\u7c7bPAM\u6808\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5982\u679csufficient\u7c7b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5931\u8d25PAM\u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n

Optional:<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u201c\u670d\u52a1<\/em>+<\/em>\u7c7b\u578b\u201d<\/em>\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\u624d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

Include:<\/p>\n

\u5305\u542b\u7ed9\u4e88\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

Substack:<\/p>\n

\u5305\u542b\u7ed9\u4e88\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u5b83\u548cinclude\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201c\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\uff08done\uff09\u548c\u201c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u201d\uff08die\uff09\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5728substack \u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u8df3\u8fc7\u5176\u4f59\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6808\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u662f\u5728substack\u4e2d\u3002\u5728substack\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8df3\u8dc3\u201d\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08evaluation\uff09\u8df3\u51fa\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f53\u201c\u8df3\u8dc3\u201d\u5728\u7236\u6808\uff08parent stack\uff09\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684substack\u662f\u88ab\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u3002Reset\u52a8\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u91cd\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u5927\u5b50\u6808\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\uff08include all lines of given type from the configuration file specified as an argument to this control. This differs from include<\/em> in that evaluation of the done<\/em> and die<\/em> actions in a substack does not cause skipping the rest of the complete module stack, but only of the substack. Jumps in a substack also can not make evaluation jump out of it, and the whole substack is counted as one module when the jump is done in a parent stack. The reset<\/em> action will reset the state of a module stack to the state it was in as of beginning of the substack evaluation.\uff09<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d<\/em>\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

[value1=action1 value2=action2 \u2026]<\/p>\n

valueN\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u884c\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1asuccess<\/em>, open_err<\/em>, symbol_err<\/em>, service_err<\/em>, system_err<\/em>, buf_err<\/em>, perm_denied<\/em>, auth_err<\/em>, cred_insufficient<\/em>, authinfo_unavail<\/em>, user_unknown<\/em>, maxtries<\/em>, new_authtok_reqd<\/em>, acct_expired<\/em>, session_err<\/em>, cred_unavail<\/em>, cred_expired<\/em>, cred_err<\/em>, no_module_data<\/em>, conv_err<\/em>, authtok_err<\/em>, authtok_recover_err<\/em>, authtok_lock_busy<\/em>, authtok_disable_aging<\/em>, try_again<\/em>, ignore<\/em>, abort<\/em>, authtok_expired<\/em>, module_unknown<\/em>, bad_item<\/em>, conv_again<\/em>, incomplete<\/em>\u548cdefault<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6700\u540edefault\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u90fd\u6ca1\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684PAM\u9519\u8bef\u5217\u8868\u5728\/usr\/include\/security\/_pam_types.h\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u3002actionN\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n

ignore:<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u7801\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

bad:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u6307\u51fa\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5931\u6548\u6a21\u5757\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6808\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u6548\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n

die:<\/p>\n

\u548c\u201cbad\u201d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec8\u6b62\u6a21\u5757\u6808\u548cPAM\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

ok:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u8bf4\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6808\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6808\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u5411\u4e86PAM_SUCCESS\u90a3\u4e48\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6808\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u6a21\u5757\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u503c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201cok\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u8986\u76d6\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

done:<\/p>\n

\u548c\u201cok\u201d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u6a21\u5757\u6808\u548cPAM\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

N\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u548c\u201cok\u201d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u8df3\u8fc7\u6808\u91cc\u540e\u9762N\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cN\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e0\u3002<\/p>\n

reset:<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u9664\u6a21\u5757\u6808\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002\uff08clear all memory of the state of the module stack and start again with the next stacked module.\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5728\u56db\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1arequired; requisite; sufficient; \u548c optional\uff0c\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[\u2026]\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

required<\/p>\n

[success=ok\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 new_authtok_reqd=ok \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ignore=ignore\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 default=bad]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

requisite<\/p>\n

[success=ok\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 new_authtok_reqd=ok\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ignore=ignore\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 default=die]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sufficient<\/p>\n

[success=done\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 new_authtok_reqd=done\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 default=ignore]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Optional<\/p>\n

[success=ok\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 new_authtok_reqd=ok\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 default=ignore]<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84\u201d<\/em>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89c9\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u4ee5\u201c\/\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5757\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\/lib\/security\/\u6216\/lib64\/security\/\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201c\u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570\u201d<\/em>\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684PAM\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u4f4f\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5squid\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

squid auth required pam_mysql.so user=passwd_query passwd=mada \\\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 db=eminence [query=select user_name from internet_service \\\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 where user_name=’%u’ and password=PASSWORD(‘%p’) and \\\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0service=’web_proxy’]\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60ef\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u2018[\u2019\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u2018]\u2019\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u610f\u2018\\]\u2019\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a[..[..\\]..] \u5185\u5bb9\u662f: ..[..]..\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7syslog\u5199\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2\u7565<\/p>\n

4.3 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728Linux-PAM<\/em>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u505a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bd5\u56fe\u914d\u7f6e\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u597d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9879\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u574f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff09:## default; deny access#Other\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 auth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soOther\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 account\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soOther\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 password\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soOther\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 session\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.so\u00a0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u79f0\u5fc3\u5982\u610f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9501\u6b7b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5728PAM\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u53d8\u7684\u5f88\u96be\u5199\u3002\u6a21\u5757pam_deny<\/strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9664\u975e\u7528\u6237\u8054\u7cfb\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u7ed9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002## default; wake up! This application is not configured#Other\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 auth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.soOther\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 password\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.so\u6309\u5982\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u201cother auth \u201d\u884c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\/etc\/pam.d\/\u8fd9\u79cd\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a## default configuration: \/ect\/pam.d\/other#Auth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.soAuth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soAccount\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soPassword\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.soSession\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.so\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u4e88\/etc\/pam.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u660e\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a05<\/strong>\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n

5.1\u5982\u679c\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u4e86\/etc\/pam.d\/*\u6216\/etc\/pam.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9501\u6b7b\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u5c31\u91cd\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\uff08PS:\u8fd9\u8282\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff09<\/p>\n

5.2\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u7528\u7684\u201cother\u201d\u914d\u7f6eOther\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528PAM\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5199\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684other\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002Pam_deny<\/strong>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\uff0cpam_warn<\/strong>\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u3002## The PAM configuration file for the \u2018other\u2019 service#Auth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soAuth\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.soAccount\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soAccount\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.soPassword\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soPassword\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.soSession\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_deny.soSession\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 required\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pam_warn.so<\/p>\n

6<\/strong>\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/h2>\n

6.1. pam_access \u2013logdaemon<\/strong>\u7c7b\u767b\u9646\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pam_access.so [debug][nodefgroup][noaudit][accessfile=file<\/em>][fieldsep=sep<\/em>][listsep=sep<\/em>]<\/p>\n

6.1.1\u63cf\u8ff0pam_access\u6a21\u5757\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u767b\u9646\u540d\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u57df\u540d\u3001IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7f51\u6bb5\u548c\u975e\u7f51\u7edc\u767b\u9646\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684logdaemon\u7c7b\u7684\u767b\u9646\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u63d0\u53d6\u81ea\/etc\/security\/access.conf\u3002\u5982\u679cLinux-PAM\u652f\u6301audit\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u62d2\u7edd\u767b\u9646\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u7ec8\u7aef\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

6.1.2\u63cf\u8ff0\/etc\/security\/access.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\uff08user\/group,host\uff09\u3001\uff08user\/group\uff0cnetwork\/netmask\uff09\u6216\uff08user\/group\uff0ctty\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8981\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u4eba\u767b\u9646\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u626b\u63cfaccess.conf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f53\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd8\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u3002Access.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u201c:\u201d\uff1aPermission:users\/groups:origins<\/em>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u201cpermission\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u201c+\u201d\uff08\u52a0\u53f7\uff09\u540c\u610f\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u6216\u201c-\u201d\uff08\u51cf\u53f7\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u201cusers\/groups\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u9646\u540d\u6216\u7ec4\u540d\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199ALL\uff08\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u90fd\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u7ec4\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u7ec4\u540d\u4e0a\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5982(group)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u201corigins\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2atty\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u7f51\u7edc\u767b\u9646\uff09\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u57df\u540d\uff08\u4ee5\u201c.\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u3001host addresses\u3001internet network numbers(\u4ee5\u201c.\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e)\u3001\u7f51\u6bb5\uff08IP\/\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff09\u6216ALL\uff08\u6240\u6709\u90fd\u5339\u914d\uff09\u518d\u6216\u8005LOCAL\u3002LOCAL\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53PAM_RHOST\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e76\u4e14<origin>\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210PAM_TTY\u6216PAM_SERVICE\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528@netgroupname<\/em>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7528\u6237\u3002@@netgroupname<\/em>\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ec5\u88ab\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08user pattern\uff09\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4f7f\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\uff08netgroup\uff09\u5339\u914d\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9blibc\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5931\u6548\u3002\uff08The @@netgroupname<\/em> syntax is supported in the user pattern only and it makes the local system hostname to be passed to the netgroup match call in addition to the user name. This might not work correctly on some libc implementations causing the match to always fail.\uff09\u201cEXCEPT<\/em>\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8ba9\u5199\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u5982\u679cnodefgroup\u6ca1\u6709\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f53\u767b\u9646\u540d\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u201c#\u201d\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

6.1.3\u9009\u9879Accessfile=\/path\/to\/access.conf\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684access.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u3002DebugDebug\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u5230syslog\u4e2d\u3002Noaudit\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u767b\u9646\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Fieldsep=separators<\/em>\u4fee\u6539access.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5206\u5272\u7b26Nodefgroup\u4e0d\u518d\u53bb\u5339\u914d\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

6.1.4\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\uff08auth,account,password\u548csession\uff09<\/p>\n

6.1.5\u8fd4\u56de\u503cPAM_SUCCESS\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95eePAM_PERM_DENIED\u7981\u6b62\u8bbf\u95eePAM_IGNORE\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u8c03\u7528pam_setcredPAM_ABORT\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u6216\u9009\u9879\u3002PAM_USER_UNKNOWN\u672a\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

6.1.6\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/security\/access.conf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

6.1.7\u4f8b\u5b50\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\/etc\/security\/access.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\nRoot\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ececron\u3001X11 \u7ec8\u7aef\uff1a0\u3001tty1\u3001\u2026\u3001tty5\u3001tty6+:root:crond:0 tty1 tty2 tty3 tty4 tty5 tty6<\/p>\n

Root\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5982\u4e0bIP\u5730\u5740\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u6709IPV4\u7684IP\u624d\u80fd\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9bIPV4\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IPV6\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u9646\u3002<\/p>\n

+:root:192.168.200.1\u00a0 192.168.200.4\u00a0\u00a0 192.168.200.9+:root:127.0.0.1<\/p>\n

Root\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece192.168.201.\u7f51\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e192.168.201.0\/255.255.255.0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6700\u540e\u7528\u540e\u8005\u4ee3\u66ff\u524d\u8005\u3002
\n+:root:192.168.201.<\/p>\n

Root\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e3b\u673afoo1.bar.org\u548cfoo2.bar.org\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff09
\n+:root:foo1.bar.org foo2.bar.org<\/p>\n

Root\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ecefoo.bar.org\u57df\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff09
\n+:root:.foo.bar.org<\/p>\n

Root\u7528\u6237\u62d2\u7edd\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u6e90\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

-:root:ALL<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237foo\u548cnetgroup\u6210\u5458\u2014\u2014admins\u5141\u8bb8\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ec5\u5f53netgroup\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

+:@admins foo:ALL<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237john\u548cfoo\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceIPV6\u5730\u5740:2001:db8:0:101::1 \u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

+:john\u00a0 foo: 2001:db8:0:101::1<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237john\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7IPV6\u5730\u5740\u6bb5\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\/\u63a9\u7801\uff09\u767b\u9646:<\/p>\n

+:john: 2001:db8:0:101::\/64<\/p>\n

\u7981\u6b62\u4ece\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u767b\u9646\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9664\u4e86wheel\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0cshutdown\u548csync\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

-:ALL EXCEPT (wheel) shutdown sync:LOCAL<\/p>\n

\u7981\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u767b\u9646<\/p>\n

-:ALL:ALL<\/p>\n

6.2.pam_cracklib \u2013<\/strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5b57\u5178\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n

pam_cracklib.so [\u2026]<\/p>\n

6.2.1 \u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u653e\u5230\u6240\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684password\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u68c0\u67e5\uff08strength-checking\uff09\u3002\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u00a0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u4ec5\u662f\u63d0\u9192\u5bc6\u7801\u7136\u540e\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u518d\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u5b50\u961f\u5217\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u00a0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u9996\u5148cracklib\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u8f6e\u8bad\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u5bc6\u7801\u68c0\u67e5\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u6587\u3002\uff082\uff09Is the new password the old one with only a change of case?\uff083\uff09\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u548c\u65e7\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570difok\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u51e0\u5904\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f5\u3002\uff084\uff09\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u592a\u77ed\u3002\u5b83\u67096\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0cminlen\uff0cmaxclassrepeat\uff0cucredit\uff0clcredit\uff0c\u548cocredit\u3002\uff085\uff09\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\uff086\uff09\u68c0\u67e5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5b57\u7b26\uff087\uff09\u662f\u5426\u7531\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u6210\uff08\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u548c6\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u539f\u6587\uff1aOptional check for too long monotonic character sequence\uff09\uff088\uff09\u68c0\u67e5\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u7684unix\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528MD5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc78\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f88\u96be\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u8981\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u201cthe quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs\u201d,\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u5c11\u4e8e5\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

6.2.2 \u9009\u9879debug\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u5230syslog(3)\u3002\u00a0authtok_type=XXX\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u201cNew UNIX password:\u201d\u548c\u201cRetype UNIX password:\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u628aUNIX\u6539\u6210XXX\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u00a0retry=N\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u6b21\u8f93\u9519\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f1\u3002\u00a0difok=N\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u7ea6\u675f\u65b0\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f5\u3002\u00a0minlen=N\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u957f\u5ea6\u662f9\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u6027\u9650\u5236\u662f\u6700\u5c115\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u60f3\u8ba9\u5bc6\u7801\u5c11\u4e8e5\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u00a0dcredit=N\uff08N>=0\uff09\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8eN\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5c31\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3minlen\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bdcredit\u662f1\u3002\u00a0lcredit=N(N>=0)\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8eN\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u518d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3minlen\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f1\u3002\u00a0ucredit=N(N>=0)\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8eN\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u518d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3minlen\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f1\u3002\u00a0ocredit=N(N>=0)\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5b57\u7b26\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8eN\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u518d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3minlen\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f1\u3002\u00a0minclass=N\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u8981\u5305\u542b\u51e0\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5c0f\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PS\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u4eceWORD\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u70b9\u95ee\u9898 3\u3001\u603b\u89c8 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6388\u6743\u4e00\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1blogin\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9…<\/p>\n

Read More Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-it"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=183"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188,"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183\/revisions\/188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.5x44.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}